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The general rule is that the introduction and conclusion should each be about 10% of your total speech, leaving 80% for the body section. So to that end, the introduction and conclusion need to be relatively short and to the point. However, the introduction and conclusion are not the main parts of the speech that is the body section where the bulk of your research and information will be housed. The roles that introductions and conclusions fulfill are numerous, and, when done correctly, can make your speech stronger. The challenge, however, is that there is much more that a speaker must do in the introduction and conclusion than just preview or review the topic and main points. It may seem like you are repeating yourself and saying the same things over and over, but that repetition ensures that your audience understands and retains what you are saying. So one of the primary functions of an introduction is to preview what you will be covering in your speech, and one of the main roles of the conclusion is to review what you have covered. Since speeches are auditory and live, you need to make sure the audience remembers what you are saying. If you remember back to the section on Organizing and Outlining, we talked about “planned redundancy” as a strategy for aiding retention and understanding of your purpose and supporting speech ideas. ![]() In doing this, introductions and conclusions provide a “preview/review” of your speech as a means to reiterate or re-emphasize to your audience what you are talking about. ![]() They help the audience to see what is to come in the speech, and then let them mentally prepare for the end. ![]() Introductions and conclusions serve to frame the speech and give it a clearly defined beginning and end. This is just one of the reasons all speeches need introductions and conclusions. Can you imagine how strange a speech would sound without an introduction? Or how jarring it would be if, after making a point, a speaker just walked away from the lectern and sat down? You would most likely be pretty confused, and the takeaway from that speech-even if the content was really good-would likely be, “I was confused” or “That was a weird speech.”
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